Gender Roles in the United States Essay Example for Free

Sexual orientation Roles in the United States Essay 1. Quickly examine the historical backdrop of ethnic relations in the United States. The ethnic history of the United States was for quite some time established during the frontier time frame. The principal settlements in the United States were the Spanish stations in the towns of Florida and California and a French station in Louisiana. English colonizers announced the United States’ autonomy in 1776 because of their longing for opportunity from their own nation (Doane). â€Å"The class, racial, ethnic, and sex connections of the contemporary country have their underlying foundations in the pilgrim period† (Doane). On account of the inability to constrain Native American pilgrims to deal with the fields, the British pioneers turn in bringing in African captives to chip away at cotton ranches situated at the South, while the Whites decided to dwell on the North to additionally sharpen their rising ventures (Doane). The ethnic relations of the United States during the early years are portrayed by the significant issue of prejudice and separation dependent on skin shading. During the pilgrim times, the poor whites and the contracted workers filled in as extensions for the slaves and the landowners. The poor whites attempted to recognize themselves with the rich landowning whites and engendered white racial personality as opposed to the class character (Doane). This activity thus strengthened the racial segregation in the nation. The status, skin shading and position in the work advertise described the connections among racial and ethnic gatherings. A portion of the Blacks relocated northward to deal with mechanical employments however divergence proceeded as they were paid not exactly the whites on tantamount occupations. The Blacks additionally got less social advantages than the Whites fortifying separation (Doane). 2. Depict the procedure of sexual orientation job socialization. Give instances of how females and guys are prepared to satisfy the desires for their sexual orientation jobs. There is an inclination for the general public to order cultural principles and figure out what is correct and satisfactory to the individuals. This procedure is alluded to as sexual orientation job socialization, wherein social foundations control the society’s desires on â€Å"dress code, language, character, recreation exercises and goals for each sex† (Padavic and Reskin 53). Through this procedure, individuals become familiar with their sexual orientation personality. The general public partners settled qualities, perspectives, conduct, decisions and execution that are suitable for sexual orientation classes, for example, people. Individuals can ingest the particular jobs that the general public is attempting to instill to the individuals from a specific sex (Senior 25). Learning our sex jobs is significant in the part of socialization and our collaboration with others. Youth encounters of socialization set up the individuals in their sexual orientation and social jobs so that grown-up individuals from the general public are anticipating that them should act (Senior 25). Indeed, even as youngsters, individuals have been prepared to carry on and act as indicated by their organic sexual direction. What's more, in that capacity, guardians fortify sexual orientation job socialization on their kid raising strategies. They give toy firearms and robots to their male youngsters and dolls and kitchen utensils to their female kids. Individuals might be unknowingly mindful however through this technique, social jobs are being taught inside the awareness of kids in the general public as they become grown-ups. Toy weapons for male kids delineate that guys ought to be forceful and fearless. Young men are likewise increasingly presented to innovative toys like PSP and Gameboy mirroring their preferred position in the mechanical field of industry. Female kids or young ladies, then again, are urged to play with dolls and kitchen utensils to set them up to their future social jobs which are in charged of the family unit, homemaker and as residential supplier. It likewise supported the mentalities of ladies to get mindful and sustaining. 3. Talk about the proof, which focuses to either sex jobs being organic or social in cause. Base on this proof, what ends can be drawn about the birthplaces of sexual orientation jobs. Talk about the absolute most significant wellsprings of sexual orientation imbalances in our general public. In what manner can these disparities be eased? One of the guessed reasons for the noteworthy distinction in the mentalities and social attributes among people is their natural structure. It was said that qualities and other organic segments assume a major job in impacting these social attributes. There are natural clarifications gave trying to inspect forcefulness in guys. It was at that point realized that the inborn nearness of Y quality in the 23rd chromosome makes guys powerless to physical confusion. Be that as it may, there is no solid proof clarifying the job of hereditary qualities in the forcefulness of people, especially the guys. A few markers of savagery have been seen as more obvious in guys than in females (Englander 122). Research further uncovers the job of androgens in the commonness of brutality. Androgens are male sex hormones that are plentiful in guys. These hormones were by implication connected to criminal brutality and furthermore to customary conduct. Studies show that ladies with intrinsic adrenal hyperplasia, an ailment wherein androgens are emitted in the uterus of females, have a tendency to male tastes and inclinations. In spite of the fact that there is no solid proof of the connection among androgens and savagery, it was suspected to be the explanation for men’s progressively forceful conduct (Englander 123). Another natural factor that is believed to be mindful behind the brutal demeanor of men is the chemical monoamine oxidase (MAO). Personal conduct standards are identified with the degree of MOA nearness in the blood. Men are found to have lower levels of MAO than ladies. Lower MAO levels are related with forcefulness and the abrupt explosion of outrage and dissatisfactions, particularly imprudence (Englander 123). Another fundamental factor that was accepted to be liable for the improvement of animosity in men and the sustaining mentality of ladies is the social development or the distinction in how every wa raised and shaped by culture and society. A person’s social condition is responsible for the qualities taught as a part of their character. Their socially-developed character is seen to be innate with his organic sex. Distinction in sexual orientation has an across the board impact in the general public, which was bolstered by archived information in socio-science and transformative brain research. This assortment of information expresses that people are unavoidably extraordinary in substantial designs (Taylor Spencer 41). Such incongruities in sexual orientation can be reduced through projects that will break the imbalance in sex, for example, having equivalent open door on the work environment. We could likewise begin rushing changes through crusade programs that will call for fairness between sexual orientations. Works Cited Doane, Molly. 2007. â€Å"Culture of United States of America†. Advameg, Inc. 11 November 2008 http://www. everyculture. com/To-Z/United-States-of-America. html. Englander, Elizabeth Kandel. Getting Violence. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , 2007. Padavic, Irene and Barabara F. Reskin. Ladies and Men at Work, second version. Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Press, 2002. Senior, Olive. Working Miracles. London: James Currey Ltd. , 1991. Taylor, Gary and Steve Spencer. Social Identities: Multidisciplinary Approaches. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Cafes Monte Case Essay Example for Free

Bistros Monte Case Essay The organization situated in Milan, Italy. It was found by Mario Salvetti as a maker and merchant of premium best espressos. The organization faces a hard choice that may influence their future. The organization needs to know whether they should continue working in a similar contributing. A significant gathering was there among the top administration team’s individuals to examine the fate of the organization. The company’s execution was acceptable in 2000. Benefit was appeared at the budget report. Giacomo Salvetti the CEO of the organization needs to conclude which to pick as the business technique for the organization: 1) Keep working in the exceptional espresso showcase. 2) Transfer to the private brands advertise. The present limit of the espresso creation in 2000 was 350,000 K/M , with included extra limit of 150,000K/M. The expense of the extra units was 6 billion liras. More realities about the benefit and the liquidity were required next to the income and the benefit intend to measure vital other options and to help in settling on this choice. Changing was difficult to the CEO to acknowledge without an away from of the budgetary results. The report was given by the showcasing administrator indicated that the top notch advertise is exceptionally unstable. Then again, the private brands advertise is progressively steady. (Full limit at the cost of 8,800 liras). Cost is lower in the private market than the premium. The volume is depending of the quantity of retailers. ( Every extra retailer need in any event 500,000 K/Y). The report was given by the assembling chief demonstrated that expenses are distinctive in each measure of the volume and nature of beans. These expenses incorporate the expense of beans, work and fixed expense. The organization can spare 65% of selling costs, 75% of R&D expenses and half of managerial expenses, on the off chance that they pick the private brands market.(Director of key arranging). Private brands’ retailers will pay gradually 90 days rather than 30 days. (Money related official). I took the business cost as the present cost 8,800 liras. The vast majority of the costs are decrease contrast with what they were in 2000 alongside additionally the benefit. Promoting costs were no longer there on the grounds that the showcasing rate got 0% in this volume of the private market. The explanation of having this decrease is the gross edge of the private market contrasting with the edge of the excellent market. Deals cost and cost in private market are not as much as what they are in the excellent market. Incomes are not steady during the year. It looks shift from quarter to another. In the incomes, the retailers will pay in 90days (3months) timeframe as what it is in the private market. The money opining was half in the primary month and 25% in next 2 months. Different costs were partitioned by the a year similarly. Variable and selling costs are appearing in page(5). I don’t prescribe the full change to private market. The benefit will be lower than what it is regardless of whether it is less unpredictable. There is no purpose behind the organization to lose its excellent market if the benefit is low, as well. I would bolster the opportunity of blending the premium and the private markets together, due to the benefit there. Bistros Monte Case. (2016, Apr 28).

Org 581 Free Essays

Organization 581 Facilitating Change Paper Timothy Kirk ORG/581 William Gillis, PhD December 22, 2012 * Introduction Starbucks Facilitating Change to China Starbucks current structure is ordered as a robotic association, which is contained exceptionally vertical and flat complexities, profoundly formalizations, profoundly centralizations, tightened lengths of control, and exceptionally normalizations. The CEO of Starbucks, Howard Shultz, has attempted to make an increasingly productive and smoothed out structure where data can stream uninhibitedly from client and low-level representative to the corporate level. To encourage this procedure has permitted Starbucks to extend to areas like China. We will compose a custom paper test on Organization 581 or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Starbucks partitions its work into cross utilitarian work groups, which permits representatives to answer to different directors. â€Å"This auxiliary conduct has permitted the partnership to have fruitful correspondence upward, descending and along the side with its employees† (â€Å"Successful Application of Organizational Behavior: Starbucks,† 2009). The network structure appears to work for Starbucks, as they keep up viable correspondence, extraordinary item advancement, effective creation, and commendable client support subsequently. Starbucks CEO, Howard Schultz encouraged in the organizations structure a lattice of correspondence that the two works interior and outside, this key to the essential advantages of the achievement of the organization. Within, Starbucks’ fortification of uncovered correspondence among laborers, higher organization, and executives allows increasingly open development in thoughts, adjusting issues through a procedure of distinguishing, talking about, strategy, and finish to arrangements in an auspicious way. Outwardly are the customers that are steadfast and are given proprietorship in that the organization requests their contribution all the time. For example, Starbucks coordinated a network site for systems administration where customers help to shape the eventual fate of Starbucks as we probably am aware it today. The faithfulness of the clients help in building up an enthusiastic bond that makes a family type organize open to conversation, thoughts, and development to administrations and product. For instance of the suggestions introduced to the difficulties of the current hierarchical plan, our proposals in this paper will help with summing up the requirement for positive changes in current methodologies at Starbucks. One proposal is to include programs that would feature staff triumphs/accomplishments and aid areas both locally and universally for more presentation. In the subsequent suggestion, online networking projects would be actualized to permit more extensive broadly educating, refreshes on remedial activities to nearby issues with items, hardware issues and arrangements, and selling methods. Starbucks as of now has a triumphant circumstance by extending endeavors to accomplish these thoughts in their organization benefits in China and furthermore to a worldwide market utilizing their site as a stay with Facebook pointing back more chances. While Starbucks is setting new measures for selling items, advertising administrations, and the advancement of new items, there are consistently opportunity to get better. Every day as the Staff and Managers start their day there is a feeling of steadfastness that pervades all through the association that is noticeable all around. While the last suggestion that appears to have a significant effect is when clients go into the stores there is an inclination of quiet and harmony, yet less collaboration outside the corner. Clients are all the more ready to purchase and wait in the store and peruse. This opens of entryways of chance if the staff is watching to see the meandering of client in inquiring as to whether they had something as a top priority as they perused the floor. Possibly when a staff part watched a clients taking a gander at stock they could emerge out of around the counter and visit and inquire as to whether there was something they might be searching for as a blessing or for them by and by. I can see an up in the individual experience for clients. Social association is critical to set up communication with clients as these administrations to items and product just adds to the Starbucks experience. Presently changing things in the structure of selling espresso is the thing that Starbucks does best. The accommodating phases of the procedures are smoothed out. Socially they are truly adept at fitting in to furnish representatives with preparing that permits more prominent information, however an opportunity to be a piece of an organization, yet a group of groups that work near one another. The main idea that on the off chance that I could impact the change would be that a portion of the areas chose are difficult to gain admittance to, and cause traffic issues. By and large Starbucks has a solid authority group and is extremely centered around propping the progression of espresso up for quite a long time to come. To improve the viability of Starbucks the principle thing that needs more consideration is a more grounded feeling of network with representatives in the preparation programs. Apparently Starbucks can grow preparing by utilizing the Starbucks site. Moreover, these sorts of business pages would need to be equipped towards the staffing bunches at each store. Starbucks would have the option to put things like preparing recordings, current schedule occasions, exceptional declarations, Ads, Promos, and to have more ‘likes’ that produce presentation. As much as family and network are for Starbucks that sort of record would construct certainty, social associations, and building strong groups. The office here is the Training Center and would be straightforwardly associated with the site through an Intranet to permit transferring, changes, altering, and preparing through an exceptionally based intelligent site. The site would permit colleagues to have 24 hour access to bulletins, notices, updates, and preparing documentation. The site would encourage preparing in all part of Starbucks. Prescribed Changes seeing innovation Strategies to China for instance of the suggestions to the Starbucks techniques the program would feature staff victories and features at areas giving both locally and universally. In this proposal an online life program would permit progressively broadly educating, refreshes on restorative activities to nearby issues with items, gear issues, and selling methods. Starbucks has a triumphant circumstance by extending endeavors to accomplish organization benefits in China to a worldwide market by utilizing their site as a stay with Facebook to point back utilizing these media items openings. While Starbucks is setting new norms for selling items and administrations, advertising to remote nations, and advancement, there is consistently opportunity to get better. Consistently as the Staff and Managers start their day there is a feeling of dependability that penetrates all through the association that is noticeable all around. At the point when clients go into the stores there is an inclination of quiet and harmony. Clients are all the more ready to purchase and wait in the store and peruse. This opens of entryways of chance if the staff is watching to see the wandering of client in inquiring as to whether they had something as a main priority as they perused the floor. Perhaps when a staff part watched a clients taking a gander at stock they could emerge out of around the counter and visit and inquire as to whether there was something they might be searching for as a blessing or for them actually. I can see an up in the individual experience for clients. End * Starbucks has made an uncommon showing with extending its presentation and piece of the overall industry. I find upsetting that such a large number of representatives are worn out, others need more hours to stay aware of the changes, and some are troubled despite the fact that Starbucks is a generally excellent organization to work for in all the parts of the word work. * * * References * Agence France-Presse †Starbucks plans China development * http://business. inquirer. net/54427/starbucks-plans-china-development Anthony, W. P. , Gales, L. M. , Hodge, B. J. (2003). Association Theory: A Strategic Approach (sixth ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. * Efrati, A. what's more, Gasparro, A. †(2012), Starbucks Invests in Square †The Wall Street Journal * http://on the web. wsj. com/article/SB10000872396390444423704577575803898185594. html * Facebook. com. (2011). Starbucks. * Retrieved from http://www. facebook. com/#! /Starbucks? sk=wall * Starbucks Training Technologies †(November 2011) * http://starbuckstrainingtechnology. blogspot. com/ Instructions to refer to Org 581, Papers

Criticism on the Poem Do Not Go Gentle Free Essays

The primary sonnet that Dylan Thomas at any point distributed, when he was just eighteen, was an early form of â€Å"And Death Shall Have No Dominion. † The pattern of life and passing shaped a steady hidden subject all through his verse since that most punctual exertion. In â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night,† a moving request to his withering dad, passing takes on another and seriously close to home significance for Thomas. We will compose a custom exposition test on Analysis on the Poem Do Not Go Gentle or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now David John Thomas was a significant impact all through his child Dylan’s life. A sentence structure school English educator, he had a profound love for language and writing which he gave to his child. In a 1933 letter to a companion, Dylan Thomas depicts the library he imparted to his dad in their home. His father’s area held the works of art, while his included current verse. It had, as indicated by Thomas, everything required in a library. â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night† was more then likely made in 1945 when D. J. Thomas was truly sick; in any case, it was not distributed until after his passing on December 16, 1952. Thomas sent the sonnet to a companion, Princess Caetani, in the spring of 1951, revealing to her that the â€Å"only individual I can’t demonstrate the little encased sonnet to is, obviously, my dad who doesn’t know he’s biting the dust. After his father’s passing, the sonnet was remembered for the assortment In Country Sleep. Unexpectedly Dylan Thomas himself kicked the bucket only a year later. The sonnet examines different approaches to move toward death in mature age. It advocates asserting life up until the final gasp, as opposed to figuring out how to acknowledge passing unobtrusively. Sonnet Summary Lines 1-3 The principal tercet presents the poem’s subject; it additionally presents the two repeating abstains that end exchange verses. Despite the fact that these two lines, the first and the third, both state Thomas’s essential topic about opposing passing, they differentiate in a few different ways. Every one of the overwhelming words in line one discovers its inverse in line three. â€Å"Gentle† is combined with â€Å"rage,† â€Å"good† with â€Å"dying,† and â€Å"night† with â€Å"light. † The tone of the two lines likewise is very extraordinary. Line one is repressed; the action words are purposely straightforward, obscure. Thomas utilizes the predicate descriptive word â€Å"gentle,† causing it to portray the character of the individual, instead of the more evident decision â€Å"gently,† a qualifier which would just allude to the activity of the action word. â€Å"Good night† when it alludes to biting the dust turns into a Catch 22 for Thomas, which means a decent passing. Despite the fact that this line might be an appeal to oppose passing, its whole tone is delicate. Contrast this with the start of line 3 where â€Å"rage† is rehashed twice. Here the writer asks an angry protection from death. The subsequent line acquaints Thomas’s counsel with the individuals who close to death. Burning is every now and again connected with the enthusiasm of youth; be that as it may, Thomas needs the older to stick as enthusiastically to their lives as anybody would. The expression â€Å"close of day† builds up an association with the â€Å"good night† of the past line, while the words â€Å"burn† and â€Å"rave† move the peruser into the third line of the refrain. Line 4 The following four verses portray four unique kinds of elderly people men and analyze their perspectives and sentiments as they understand that demise is drawing nearer. The main sort Thomas specifies are the shrewd men. They might be viewed as researchers or logicians. Maybe along these lines, mentally they acknowledge the certainty of death. Thomas starts the line with the word â€Å"though,† be that as it may, to show that their insight has not readied them to acknowledge the truth of death. Line 5 This line clarifies why the astute men can't act as per their insight. Researchers are known and estimated by their words. These men have numerous words despite everything left unwritten or implicit, so their objectives have not been cultivated. Thomas closes this line in mid-thought, leaving the remainder of the plan to the following line. This equals the unfulfilled existences of the astute men, with their messages just mostly conveyed. Line 6 In numerous villanelles, the abstains essentially fill in as a tune. Here, Thomas makes it an indispensable piece of the importance of the refrain. Lines 7-8 â€Å"Good† is by all accounts utilized from an ethical perspective here, depicting men who have lived commendable, satisfactory lives. The expression â€Å"last wave† presents perusers with a double picture. The men themselves are a last wave, the last to move toward death; they additionally appear to be giving a last wave to the individuals who they are abandoning. â€Å"Crying,† too, has two implications here. In one sense, it basically implies standing up, yet it additionally conveys the feeling of sobbing and grieving. Like the shrewd men, the great men have not practiced what they wished to throughout everyday life. Their activities neglected to stick out. Thomas utilizes rhyme for various purposes here. Rhyming â€Å"bright† toward the finish of line 7 with â€Å"might† in line 8 erves to accentuate the two words and connection the two verses. Additionally, the rhyming of â€Å"by,† â€Å"crying,† and â€Å"dying† joins this verse, while the utilization of â€Å"deeds† and â€Å"danced† is a case of similar sounding word usage. Line 9 The force of the abstain stands out from the idea of the great men as Thomas has introduced them. They appear to be uninvolved, their activities frail. Presently toward the finish of life, they should at last act energetically, at long last be taken note. Lines 10-12 Thomas’s wild men are altogether different from the great, calm men in the past stanzas. The picture, â€Å"caught and sang the sun,† is happy and incredible when contrasted with slight deeds. These men have lived live completely, not understanding that they, as well, will age and bite the dust. Since Thomas himself developed a picture as a wild Celtic poet, this refrain appears to be unexpectedly prophetic about his own passing. Line 13 The word â€Å"grave† conveys two implications here: reality and demise. These are the men of seeing; incomprehensibly, in spite of the fact that they are visually impaired, they can see more unmistakably than those with sight. Lines 14-15 The notices of visual impairment are references to his dad. Thomas discussed this visual deficiency again in the incomplete funeral poem he composed after his father’s demise, portraying him as: Too pleased to kick the bucket, broken and dazzle he passed on †¦ An old kind man valiant in his copying pride. In this refrain, Thomas differentiates light and dim symbolism; for example, the term â€Å"grave† is countered by â€Å"gay,† similarly as â€Å"blind† is stood out from â€Å"sight. † Lines 16-17 While the last verse alluded to Thomas’s father just at a slant, this refrain is routed to him. The â€Å"sad height† alludes to his closeness to death. There are Biblical suggestions to Thomas’s demand in line 17, as he requests a last gift or revile; the patriarchs conveyed such splitting messages to their children. As in numerous Bible refrains, with their equal structure, gifts and reviles are matched together. On the off chance that this line is perused as poetic pattern, in any case, the accentuation will fall on the words, â€Å"bless† and â€Å"now. † The picture of â€Å"fierce tears† shows differentiate: the tears recognizing the certainty of death, while the utilization of â€Å"fierce† demonstrates obstruction until the end. â€Å"I pray† fortifies the Biblical symbolism; in any case, the petition is routed to his dad, the freethinker, instead of God. Step by step instructions to refer to Criticism on the Poem Do Not Go Gentle, Essay models

Ways To Stop Police Brutality - Free Essay Example

While the term police brutality is normally connected with regards to causing physical harm, Police brutality is a standout amongst the most questionable issues of the present day, having turned into an ever-display argument as of late. Numerous individuals contradict making a moveto stop ridiculous officer brutality, and significantly more deny that theres an issue by any stretch of the imagination. Gratefully, even despite such difficulty, there are numerous things you can do to enable end to police brutality. To enable stop to police brutality, instruct others by sharing auspicious stories via web-based networking media and discussing the issues with your companions, family, and coworkers. After late occurrences of viciousness, put flyers and other enlightening materials up at schools, group focuses, and organization s agreeable to the reason. For security and potential proof, ensure you record police experiences at whatever point you see them. Give to dissident associations when you can, or go along with them to wind up significantly more included. For tips on making political move to stop police ruthlessness, read on!When you see great quality articles about police fierceness, particularly those associated with late occasions, share them via web-based networking media locales like Face book and Twitter. This will help keep the subject crisp in the psyches of your companionsConverse with loved ones about police viciousness. When you see a characteristic chance to discuss police ruthlessness with a companion or relative, for example, in the wake of watching a related news story together, advise them of your situation in as kind a route as you can. In the event that they push back, make an effort not to get steamed and tune in to what they say with a receptive outlook. In the event that despite everything you dissent, disclose to them why without turning to furious rages or mockeryInstruct others courteously if the open door emerges. Before imparting your perspectives to an associate or colleague, ensure theyre happy with discussing unstable subjects. Since you wont have an indistinguishable level of trust with them from you do with dear companions, center around making inquiries and searching for zones you concur.Try not to hope to alter their opinion in this discussion. Rather, simply ensure they comprehend your point of view, that way they can consider it all alone.Run a nearby mindfulness crusade with flyers, notices, and different materials. After a current occurrence of police fierceness, make notices, flyers, and comparative materials clarifying what happened and requesting the police office be considered responsible. To get the word out rapidly, pass the materials out in the open spots or, subsequent to getting consent, put them up in universities, group focuses, and organizations agreeable to the reason.In the United States, you have a lawful appropriate to record anything occurring in an open space, including police experiences and captures. Along these lines, at whatever point you see a police experience in an open space, take out a camera and record it. As a rule, regular citizen recordings are the main type of proof showing officer mishandle and assume a vital part in a casualtys legitimate protection.Search for a nearby or national association concentrated on battling police fierceness or protecting casualties in court. Visit their site and, if the alternative is accessible, give what you can to help the cause.R egardless of whether you can just stand to give a couple of dollars, that is a couple of dollars progressively the association can use in their battle. You can even discount a few gifts your duties, which mean they wont be utilized to subsidize the police, constrain.Turn into an individual from an extremist gathering. On the off chance that you need to wind up a noteworthy piece of social change, take a stab at volunteering at a lobbyist association. Search for nearby gatherings needing on-the-ground or cutting edge volunteers, since they will regularly give you more to do than national associations. On the off chance that you turn out to be unimaginably put resources into your humanitarian effort, check whether the association offers part or all day jobs. Join the police power to help settle the issue from within. As a rule, the most ideal approach to settle an association is by turning into a piece of it. In the event that you are not kidding about ceasing police ruthlessness, have a go at joining the power and filling in for instance of what a decent officer ought to be. Spread your message to kindred officers and, in the event that you in the long run pick up an administration position, establish changes to diminish savagery and better serve your group.

My Diet Analysis and Health Progress Essay

We all know that eating right can help you maintain a healthy weight and avoid certain health problems, but your diet can also have a profound effect on your mood and sense of wellbeing. Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, cooking meals at home, and reducing your intake of sugar and refined carbohydrates, on the other hand, may help to improve mood. Eating a healthy diet doesn’t have to be overly complicated. You just need to approach it in a different way trying to analyze what you are eating and how to control the intake of food and meals. Such diet analysis is a way to track the entire food one eats for a period of time and analyzes the foods eaten to determine the overall nutritional value of one’s dietary intake. It also helps to determine one’s diet â€Å"weak spots†, potential food allergies or diseasemanagement issues. To complete my nutritional analysis, I needed to fill in a 7 day food diary and created a plan for 3 weeks ahead. This was a learning experience on it’s own and helped me to think more about the food I was eating. I was pleased to learn that I met my nutritional requirements for energy, fluid, fibre and the majority of vitamins and minerals. This didn’t surprise me too much. As a person who cares about food I eat, I see food positively! Food to me is a wonderful and often unique combination of vitamins, minerals, carbs, protein, fat and fibre that my body needs to function. So, when I was analyzing my own diet, I created a key-focus area to control and revise and listed the tools to use to measure the food intake, calories counters and activity and exercise to keep on track of. I admit, I had to revise my diet analysis plus the exercises I did during this time as it is always good practice to listen to what your system tells you, isn’t it? Therefore, this helped me to decide what I am interested in: Food Groups (am I getting all of them?) Macronutrient Composition (what is the ratio and composition of carbs, proteins and fat?) Activity level (am I doing enough of exercises and in general Am I active enough?) Micronutrients of Concern: (am I getting enough?) More free time? Better grade? Click on this button nowOrder Now Next step was choosing the tool to analyse my diet or rather healthy eating plan. Trying to determine your intake of all nutrients of interest sounded pretty daunting. I read on the blogs for Dieticians that: â€Å"Using an online tool that you can use to input the nutrients of your food easily is really going to enable you to do quicker diet analysis.† And to my surprise it worked! I went through a lot of the materials in there and decided to stay with these two: FitDay and SuperTracker. Honestly, I liked FitDay better, because you could manually create foods, inputting each nutrient (great if you can’t find it in the database but have a nutrition label). SuperTracker, on the other hand, was not that flexible. I thought that it is limiting in the foods in its database, which for me was really tricky to overcome. I eat a lot of foods from in whole food form, but SuperTracker had a food database focused on more commercial food products. So in the end, I stayed with FitDay. During the process of my diet analysis, I realized that in some places I was consuming more than I should be and in some I was consuming less than I should be. I created three profiles for the diet analysis, and Iused each for one week each to analyze my diet and physical activities. I was able to input the foods I ate daily and also the physical activities I was involved in. During the course of the first week, I got tired easily. It was so hard on me because as I figured later I was not eating enough. I realized I took in less food containing carbohydrates and fats. During the second week, I lost the weight and felt stronger in general. The obstacle here was to discipline myself and follow the diet plan I created in the beginning of the week. I started to give myself a break: eating more of the â€Å"non-healthy food†, treated myself with alcohol. That was the reason why my weight didn’t want to get any lower: I was only able to maintain my weight. I took notes form what I did wrong and adjusted my eating plan for week 3. The last week of dieting went more or less easy for me. I have got myself under control, got used to the regime I established. Moreover, I got even more motivated when I saw the results of my diet: to my surprise, I didn’t actually achieve my goal of losing 2 pounds in a week, I lost 4 pounds! The hardest part in the end was to decide whether I should follow the plan or to give up on it. I decided to stop for awhile. I waited two week before I continued following the same diet plan I started with. And now I can say that I lost weight, I feel good and I am not even thinking of resigning from the diet plan I created. So after three weeks of dieting here are some numbers or the results of me being a healthy-eater: Energy – My intake was 2439 calories and my expenditure was 1961 calories leaving a negative energy balance of 478 calories. Protein – My goal was 254 to 753 with my actual intake being 212 which was below my goal. Vitamins and Minerals – My diet is lacking in those two. After three weeks my calcium was 41% and my iron was only 54% where the vitamin A was around 35% and vitamin C was 91%. This is based on an intake of 1961 calories per day. All in all I realized that healthy eating is not about strict dietary limitations, staying unrealistically thin, or depriving yourself of the foods you love. Rather, it’s about feeling great, having more energy, improving your health, and stabilizing your mood. I am a firm believer that your diet is the biggest component of your health and I wish to make continue to make it for the rest of my life.

The Trauma Of Anorexia Nervosa - 953 Words

The trauma of anorexia Let’s start saying that in my family two of them had or still have anorexia: my cousin and my aunt. It has been a pain in the heart. For years, I was afraid of the magnitude of this mental disorder. Anyway, this disorder is something that intrigued me for a long time, so I am going to try to transmit the pain it can release this disorder to the family and mainly to the person who actually has it. The mental disorder, called: anorexia nervosa, is a disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image itself. Leads to a severe weight loss due to an exaggerated diet and excessive exercise. It is not associated with any previous organic disease. It usually occurs in adolescents, like my cousin, and especially in women. The disease causes changes in hormone cycles, immunosuppression with an increased risk of infections, and approximately between 5% and 18% of anorexics die from malnutrition (Aingeru). My cousin started to have it because of his boyfriend’s view over her, on the other side my aunt was a model, mirrors, pictures and the pressure of the beauty business destroyed her self-confidence. She often also suffers from bulimia, that is to eat huge amounts of food and then induce vomiting to remain thin; repeated vomiting alter electrolyte balance, producing generally hypokalemia that may affect heart function. I have researched, and I arrived to the conclusion that there is no universally accepted treatment for anorexiaShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1280 Words   |  6 PagesAnorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Eating disorders are classified as mental disorders and can lead to life threatening damage. It is important to manage eating disorders to prevent health effects. There are many different possibilities for patients with disorders. Common treatments for eating disorders can consists of counselor or therapists. Early detection is important to limit future oral health effects. A dental hygienist has an advantage to see the inside of the mouth for possible traumaRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa1152 Words   |  5 Pagesdisorders, Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa, has risen notably amongst women in the Western World. Eating disorders (EDs) are mental disorders â€Å"characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning† (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013). The most well-known types of eating disorders are Anorexia and Bulimia. Anorexia is characterizedRead MoreThe Risks And The Management Of Adolescents With Eating Disorders1218 Words   |  5 Pageswas supplied by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry. The ultimate goal of this research was to educate dental professionals on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and how to identify the predisposing factors. To begin, Hicks and Roberts start off by start off by telling us that statistically speaking anorexia and bulimia are serious medical conditions that most commonly effect adolescents and young adults. In 2014, 70 million people worldwide showed clinical signsRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1410 Words   |  6 Pagescontrol and healing from trauma and food and weight are just the tools of destruction† (Floyd, Mimms, Yelding, 2008). An eating disorder is defined as a severe disturbance in eating behavior. An eating disorder, as defined by our text book for class, is psychological disturbances that lead to certain physiological changes and serious health complications. The three most common and most easily identifiable forms of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorderRead MoreEffects Of Binge Eating On Eating Disorders969 Words   |  4 Pagesor enemas) to control weight or shape in the absence of binge eating episode s. (Forney, Haedt-Matt, Keel, 2014) There are many behaviors associated with purging disorder such as binge eating which leads to loss of control, or overeating in anorexia nervosa. (Goldschmidt et al., 2015) Sociocultural and psychiatric factors are also believed to be important in the subject of weight concerns, dieting, and unhealthy weight control practices. (Simone et al., 1996; Symth et al., 2008) Binge eating isRead MoreAnorexia Nervos A Psychological And Physical Causes And Consequences Of Anorexia930 Words   |  4 Pagespeople with anorexia are related to at least one person with the disorder. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder with mainly adolescent victims. Different studies have been able to identify some of the psychological and physical causes and consequences of anorexia. Many people dismiss anorexia nervosa as a short-lived adolescent disorder, but most do not realize the disease’s long-lasting implications on health and how crucial it is to seek treatment. The UMMC (2016) defines anorexia nervosa as, â€Å"anRead MoreIn A Society Where So Much Emphasis Is Placed On The Way1361 Words   |  6 Pagesare possible. Anorexia Nervosa, also known as anorexia, involves intense emotions and abnormal behaviors that typically revolves around food and weight and out of all the psychiatric conditions, it has the highest death rate (Anorexia nervosa; Anorexia: Signs, Symptoms, Causes Treatment Help.). According to Smith and Segal (2017), Anorexia nervosa can be defined as a serious eating disorder that results in unhealthy, often dangerous weight loss. Although anorexia nervosa is more commonRead MoreBulimia Nervosa And Non Purging Bulimia820 Words   |  4 Pages Bulimia nervosa, also called bulimia is a possible life threating eating disorder. A person that suffers from bulimia may secretly binge their food. They may eat large amount of food and then purge their food to get rid of the additional calories that they’ve digested. Bulimia is categorized in two ways, purging bulimia and non-purging bulimia. Purging bulimia is when a person regularly self-induces vomiting after eating. Non-purgin g bulimia is when an individual may use other methods to try toRead MoreChildhood Factors And Eating Disorders Symptoms Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pagesthe last two decades the prevalence of anorexia nervosa in South Korea has increased. The rate has increased from 0.03% in 1987 to 0.2 percent in 2007A study found that the Korean women with AN had higher levels of anxiety, perfectionism and an emotional childhood with a lower number of supportive figures compared to the healthy control group. The study supported ideas that personal vulnerability could be an important risk factor for developing anorexia nervosa. Children with perfectionism tendenciesRead MoreEating Disorders And Their Effects On Victims Of Them1281 Words   |  6 Pageswill be discussed in this essay, the first one being discussed is anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is defined as an eating disorder in which people suffer an obsession over their weight and body image, resulting in self-starvation and exaggerated w eight loss. Many suffering with anorexia severely restricted the types and amount of food they eat, and often view their underweight bodies as overweight. There are many causes of anorexia as a result of both biological and environmental factors. Some

Confucianism And Its Impact On Religion - 1208 Words

In these days, is very helpful that each person has a religion because it is more peace for the world. In the negative way religion is very controversial because there are many unbeliever cases that have been happen. Since the beginning of human’s life there are many belief and different religious in the world. Knowing about religion is very interesting because with this knowledge, people would respect other people beliefs. Obviously, if there are many religions, there are people from different religions. There are two religions that I am going to emphasis: Confucianism and Christianity. There are many factor to cover; the aspects about each religion, the similarities, and the differences between both. Each religion has a different way to†¦show more content†¦For example, Father acted a father, successively each person depend on their roles. This way to identify themselves each person was called rectification of names, was a technic to motivated people to have Ren su ch respect, harmony education, and love each other. For Confucianism, people naturally are good, human’s conduct would be good or bad depend on the society their social conditions. Another Confucian term is li, it was more refer that religion is relate with cosmos meaning. It was because for Confucius ritual was very important. Confucius believed that the society was continued in five relationships, for example, ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, elder and younger, friend and friend. In general it is most about how people are benefits each other according to the relationship. There are other two philosophers that have different point of view between them, Mencius who believed that human are naturally good so there is not an evil. In contrast, Xunzi believed that human are evil because they are selfish so they need education and social control to be a good persons. In Confucianism are three form of religious expression, one is teaching people in the same way , rituals and how the people develop in the society. Confucianism is more emphases in family and community. Other important traditions in Confucianism are The Han Synthesis and Ying- Yang. The Han

School Systems Should Provide Foreign Language Classes

Hello. ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£â‚¬â€šBonjour. Gutentag. All of these words are communicate the same greeting. However, I bet that if most students were to elaborate on each language they wouldn’t get much farther these generic greetings. While we are introduced to the various worlds of languages from an early age, there is a lack of consistent and in depth education. From a young age, I had a desire to learn any language other than English. I took two years of Spanish in middle school and then took three years of Chinese in high school. However, it wasn’t until college where I decided to minor in Chinese that I truly began to grasp and appreciate the language. And only now in my sixth year of learning Chinese are the concepts starting to come together.†¦show more content†¦As they begin to feel comfortable, they start repeating after words they hear usually beginning with â€Å"mommy†, â€Å"daddy† and â€Å"no†. While this initial speaking usually h appens around thirteen to fourteen months, a baby can begin learning their language skills before they are born. This concept is explained in the article â€Å"The Power of the Bilingual Brain†, â€Å"The human auditory system is functional from the third trimester on, and the loudest thing an in utero baby hears is its mother s voice, speaking whatever language or languages she knows. Those sounds, with their characteristic rhythms and phonemes, are poured straight into the baby s brain and become comfortingly familiar† (Klugger). We begin developing our languages before we are even aware we have a voice. (Echoing salience) Starting the language skills at an early age is crucial and while not all have the chance to begin hearing multiple languages before birth, introducing your child to a foreign language soon after is key. At Spring Lane Elementary School in Utah the children take half of their classes in English and the other half of their classes in Chinese. Their teacher, April Ridge, studied Chinese in preparation for a two year missions trip remarks on their success, They made steady progress through the year, Ridge says. We started school in August when they could speak only English. They were able to follow directions in Mandarin by January. After that came speaking, then reading, then

Othello, By William Shakespeare - 1198 Words

A tragedy is a term used to describe destructive flaws in a character by leading to the downfall of the main character with tragic events and having an unhappy ending. The play, Othello, by William Shakespeare is twisted and full of revenge. Throughout the play there is a series of harmful plots and lies caused by Iago, the evil character in the play. Iago hates Othello from the very beginning of the play when Othello promotes Michael Cassio to lieutenant instead of himself. From this moment on, Iago creates a plan full of revenge, leading to Othello’s downfall. Iago uses Othello’s trustworthy nature, insecurities, and jealously to influence Othello into becoming someone who he is not. Othello becomes consumed with all of the lies Iago has been telling him and continues to believe all of it. In the end, Othello made his own decisions by himself and it was clear when he had to pay for his inaccuracy, but the influence of Iago’s manipulation cannot be denied. The p artial influence of Iago’s evil ways to Othello is first seen in the story when Iago decides to bring down Cassio causing him to lose his lieutenant position. When this happens, Iago assumes Cassio will do anything to get it back so Iago states, â€Å"Our general’s wife is now the general: I may say so in this respect, for that he hath devoted and given up himself to the contemplation, mark, and denouement of her parts and graces†¦Importune her help to put you in your place again† (2.3.333-339). Iago begins his plan toShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1825 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s plays transcends time and is renowned for their captivating plots and complex characters. Othello by William Shakespeare is a tragedy play that portrays major themes such as racism, manipulation, and jealousy just to name a few. Throughout the whole play, these themes are represented through the conniving character from the play, Iago. Out of all the plays Shakespeare has written, Iago is believed to be the most complex villain of all times. During the play, Othello, a black

Groupthink Cmmunication Process

Question: Discuss about the Groupthink Cmmunication Process. Answer: Introduction Groupthink is a concept of psychology, which is a form of flawed decision making in organized groups and in which there exists inadequate critical thinking. Groupthink exists when a need to match is operating (Bnabou 2012). The coin was termed first in 1972 by psychologist Irving Janis. He identified eight symptoms of groupthink: Unnecessary optimism Discounting cautions The belief that the other person has ethical motives The belief that people who are not part of the group are conflict makers A pressure of not wanting to disagree with team members Failure to express different opinions or doubts Assuming that the majority of the opinion is the whole of the opinion Team members who guard the team leader from differing information or dissidents (Houghton 2015) Bay of Pigs and Its Reason of Failure Irving Janis, while forming his theory of groupthink, studied the incident of the United StatesBay of Pigs Invasionof April 1961. After studying this episode, Janis concluded that repeatedly decision makers are blinded by their individual desires of self-esteem from being a part of an important group (Kramer and Dougherty 2013). John F. Kennedys presidency saw three major national security crises, out of which Bay of Pigs was a big failure. The Bay of Pigs crisis was a decision making process that upshot as a negative outcome, failed in achieving the objective and ending the crisis. In 1961 when President Kennedy was elected, Dwight Eisenhower saw that he was being briefed about the upcoming Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba that he initiated. Kennedy was briefed about the Agencys plan long time before he took office, but at that time, he did not raise any objection against it. Even after that, after his taking office, the planning continued (Kennedy et al. 2014). Allen Dulles, the CIA di rector briefed the CIA subcommittee of the HASC on the planned operation activities of the Agency against Fidel Castro organization of the Cuban resistance parties and training of the paramilitary force that would invade the island. Several members of the committee wondered how the 1000 exile-army would stand up against the 200,000 of the Cuban army. Dulles answered that he believes that the exiles would be able to light the fuse that would in turn ignite a general disturbance on the Cuban island (Polk, Kennedy and McNamara 2013). It was nowhere mentioned in the Agency records that other subcommittee members of the Agency were also briefed beforehand. Later on Legislative Counsel Warner told Professor Barrett that CIA subcommittee leaders of the Senate would also have been told. Barrett also mentions that the chairperson of SFRC, Senator Fulbright, was included in the operations by the president himself. Fulbright, on learning about the administrations intentions, wrote a personal letter to President Kennedy in an attempt to persuade him to stop the operation from going forward. In reply, Kennedy asked him to meet at the State Department for personally expressing his misgivings (Polk, Kennedy and McNamara 2013). During the Bay of Pigs incident, President Kennedy was still new and inexperienced in that role and in that situation he was given to handle an awkward situation that he inherited from the previous administration. The existence of the Cuban exiles, who were getting CIA trainings and had been given the assurance that the US would assist them in the Cuban invasion, was a tricky situation to handle. His first mistake was that for the advisory task group he formed he did not provide any direction. In addition to that, he also did not clarify whether the goals were to dispose away the political issues of the overtly enthusiastic and visible Cuban exile army or to achieve any foreign strategic objective vis--vis Cuba (Twombly 2013). The President failed in the perspective of effective leadership because of the following reasons: Failing to communicate with the exile force the expectation that all the members are responsible for the team productivity Failing to recognize and solve the outcomes of the large size of the group and its altering composition with each meeting Failing to identify and solve issues that have resulted because of the heterogeneous attributes of the group, especially the aspect that a portion of the group was in a preferable position with more information in comparison with other team members Failing to point out roles, egg on norms and set levels for encouraging team members so that they can freely express their individual views and face up to assumptions made by others (Rasenberger 2012) Failing to ensure that the team members, other than him, took an in general national standpoint; instead the different parts of the team were allowed to back its individual memo throughout the span of the group. The Kennedy team ignored all the objections put forward by Fulbright, and even Arthur Schlesinger, and moved ahead with belief in the morality of the plan. The team stereotyped Castro and did not bother the question the CIA assumptions about the ineffectiveness of the Castro army and his ability. While studying the incident, Janis claimed that the incident that followed (Cuban Missile Crisis) could have been prevented if the new President and his team had followed the proper methods of group thinking instead of the wrong one (Gioe, Scott and Andrew 2014). Conclusion In the case of the Bay of Pigs invasion, both President Kennedy and the historians poorly judged the result. The outcome was negative no doubt, with regards to the ensuing crisis and the group experience, along with the divisive outcome for the group that demoralized the team members. This flawed decision from President Kennedy and his advisors while authorizing the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba is the case usually employed to demonstrate the event of groupthink. The State departments apparent failure to effectively coordinate the Bay of Pigs crisis response resulted in it being a true example of groupthink failure in history. References Bnabou, R., 2012. Groupthink: Collective delusions in organizations and markets.The Review of Economic Studies, p.rds030. Gioe, D., Scott, L. and Andrew, C., 2014.An International History of the Cuban Missile Crisis: A 50-year Retrospective. Routledge. Houghton, D.P., 2015. Understanding Groupthink: The Case of Operation Market Garden.Parameters,45(3), p.75. Kennedy, J.F., Juan, F.C.J.R.F., Guevara, A.B.C., Ameijeiras, E., San Romn, P. and Oliva, E., 2014. Bay of Pigs Invasion.False Flags, Covert Operations, Propaganda, p.52. Kramer, M.W. and Dougherty, D.S., 2013. Groupthink as communication process, not outcome. Communication Social Change, 1(1), pp.44-62. Polk, A., Kennedy, R. and McNamara, R., 2013. The Bay of Pigs Invasion.Foreign Policy. Rasenberger, J., 2012.The brilliant disaster: JFK, Castro, and America's doomed invasion of Cuba's Bay of Pigs. Simon and Schuster. Twombly, J., 2013. Presidential Decision Making. InThe Progression of the American Presidency(pp. 125-136). Palgrave Macmillan US.

Critical Thinking Social Media

Question: Write an essay on Critical thinking for the usage of the social media? Answer: Introduction This report has been prepared for Jack and Jill PLC Company. The company manufacture high quality automobile parts that are sold to the clients and companies. Management of the company proposes to analyse the relevance of the social media method for communicating with the clients and the customers for the company. This report highlights the relevance of effective communication process for the management to interact with the clients (Bragg, 2007). Social Medias like Facebook and Twitter has become one of the efficient methods for interacting with the clients located at different locations. Through this process, the company can inform the clients about the tasks that have been undertaken by the management to the clients. In this method, it is possible for the management to communicate the product details with the clients and get a feedback from the users. With the help of the social strategies, it is possible for the company to analyse the expectations of the potential buyers. Through this method, the management can develop strategies for connecting with the clients and provide accurate information about the services that is required by the management (Koch Richter, 2009). Social strategies include developing effective communication process through which the company can interact with the clients and promote the services. This is one of ether effective methods for increasing the promotional activities, with the customers. The online communication process is quite reliable, fast, and cheaper than the other methods that are available for the clients to interact with the company. In order to increase the sales, it is essential for the company to develop positive and long term relationship with the potential buyers. This is possible through the development of social communication strategies. Strategies for communication The strategies adapted for communicating with the members have to include the below mentioned factors Analysing social challenges Through this method, the company can reconnect with the clients which is done through the formation of the groups. Strategy This includes the plan through which the strategic changes and plans can be introduced by the company for improving the production activities for the management. This is done to reconnect the people and enable the members to share the details and other services associated with the task performance. Analysing the challenges The online communication process has to be effective and simple. This will help the company to approach maximum number of clients and provide the best information through which the marketing strategies can introduce by the management of the company (Piskorski, 2011). The communication method has to outline the values through which the customers can be serviced with the best options related to the service. In this process, the social solution for the strategies has to be adopted and implemented in an effective manner. In this process, the lower costs and the willingness to increase the communication process has to be developed and implemented by the management in an effective manner. The profitable segmentation has to be analysed as this will help the management in choosing the better strategy through which the changes can be introduced by the company (Skul, 2008). The process adopted for communication has to be simple and effective as this will help the management to reach out to maximum number of clients from different markets. Strategies adopted by the company needs to be tested as this will help in approaching the clients and convincing for the purchase of the products and services that will be useful for the product promotional activities. In this process, the business houses work towards helping the clients in handling the economic needs, rather than handling the social needs for the company. The social stage that has been developed by the company has to be communicated with the clients, and for these corrective measures has to be implemented by the management. Through this process it is possible for the management to introduce an effective step through which the changes can be introduced by the company. Through this process, the management of the company can develop an effective strategy through which the level of competition can be incr eased for the clients. In this process, an attempt has been made or develops defensive methods through which the changes within the business executing can be developed and implemented (Gotta et al., 2006). Conclusion Business strategies and social communication process plays an important role in the development of the company. The challenges involved with the process have to be developed and implemented. This will help in improving the sales for the company. References Bragg, A.B. (2007). Reflections on pedagogy: Reframing Practice to Foster Informal Learning With Social Software. Retrieved: March 20, 2007 from: https://www.dream.sdu.dk/uploads/files/Anne%20Bartlett-Bragg.pdf Boyd, D. Ellison, N. (2007). Social Network Sites, Definition, History and Scholarship. https://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/boyd.ellison.html Gotta, Mike and OKelly Peter (2006). Collaboration and Content Strategies: Trends in Social Software Koch, M., Richter, A. (2009). Enterprise 2.0: Planung, Einfhrung und erfolgreicher Einsatz von Social Software in Unternehmen (aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage.). Oldenburg Piskorski, M. J. (2011). Social strategies that work. HarvardBusiness Review, 89(11), 116-122. Skul, D. (2008d). How To Use Social Network Marketing To Your Advantage. Relativity Business Technology, Solutions.https://www.relativitycorp.com/socialnetworkmarketing/article32.htm

Paid, Earned, Owned Media The Difference

Content is a broad term. However, it’s important to understand that there are three primary content types that can be used to support your content marketing strategy: paid, earned, and owned media. Knowing how to combine these three types of content is critical to the success of your online marketing. Here, we’ll look at the differences between these content types and how you can strengthen your online marketing by developing each type of content. The Differences Between Paid, Earned, and Owned Media What is Paid Media? In digital marketing, paid media is any form of advertising you pay for to promote your business online. You can use it to direct traffic to existing content and also to encourage earned media (see below). There are various paid techniques you can use: †¢ Social media advertising. †¢ Native advertising (advertising on third-party websites). †¢ Pay-per-click advertising, such as Google Ads. †¢ Display advertising. What is Earned Media? Earned media refers to any online publicity you gain from promotional efforts other than paid or owned media. For example, it happens when people talk about your brand on social media, or if a news site mentions your business. It could be the most valuable form of content because it’s the most trusted. Examples of earned media: †¢ Brand mentions on third-party websites. †¢ Reviews, recommendations, and testimonials. †¢ Shared articles and social media posts. †¢ Social media comments. †¢ Guest blog posts. †¢ A listing in organic search engine results pages. What is Owned Media? Owned media is simply any content that you have created or have control over. This type of content has three main goals: to engage prospects with valuable content, drive conversions, and build customer relationships. The primary forms of owned media include: †¢ Website content. †¢ Blog content. †¢ Social media content. †¢ Email newsletters. †¢ Gated content such as whitepapers. Amplifying Your Content with Paid, Earned, and Owned Media By combining these three types of media, you can strengthen your content marketing considerably in terms of engaging your audience and generating leads. Here are 10 common ways to use these types of content in your marketing efforts. Paid Media 1. LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter Ads Paid promotion on social media is easy to set up, but it’s important to use the channels that are most appropriate for your audience. You can then target your posts based on user demographics, location, interests, or the device being used. Content promotion networks work by promoting your content on relevant third-party sites. You usually pay on a cost-per-click basis and your content appears as a featured snippet or link. As your content appears on topic-related sites, it’s less off-putting than traditional advertising and can be more effective. According to one study, consumers look at native ads 53 percent more than display ads. 3. Search Engine Marketing One of the most common ways to promote content is with paid search ads. Google Ads is the most popular, but you can do the same on Bing, Yahoo, and other search engines. Your ads will appear alongside organic search results and are based on search engine queries, so it’s an efficient way to get your content in front of your target audience. Earned Media 4. Reviews and Testimonials Reviews and testimonials are important for building your brand’s credibility. The right endorsement at the right time could be the social proof your prospect needs to make a purchase decision. Around 59 percent of consumers say user-generated product reviews affect their buying behavior. During the sales process, encourage customers to leave reviews on suggested sites and ask for positive testimonials to publish on-site. 5. User-Generated Content Encourage user-generated content by asking users questions about how they use your products and services. Hold social media contests. For example, ask users to submit photos using your product and offer a prize to the best entry. You can also use original social media hashtags based around a common theme or question. Encourage your audience to join in the conversation. 6. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) SEO is earned media because you can’t pay for higher organic search engine rankings. You have to earn your search rankings by delivering content that includes search terms you want to rank for. A large part of this strategy is on-page SEO, which means you need to keep your website content updated with relevant content and ensure your metadata is aligned with your marketing goals. 7. Guest Blogging Are you developing relationships with other organizations and websites? For earned media to be effective, you need to build connections with journalists, influencers, customers, and social media followers. These connections will ultimately lead to more content shares, mentions, and comments based around your brand. Reach out to other bloggers with content that shows your expertise and is also interesting to their readers. 8. Social Media Content It’s also important to reach your audience on the channels they regularly visit. Listening to conversations on social media will give you some great insights into your customers’ needs, which can help shape your content strategy. Post links to your top-performing content to drive more traffic to your owned media. If you post an infographic or image, include your brand’s logo so you get the credit when it’s shared. 9. Email Newsletters You don’t have to have years of marketing experience to get positive results from email marketing. There are various online platforms you can use to create and deliver compelling email content to your audience. You might pay for an email marketing service, but it doesn’t make it a â€Å"paid† channel. Essentially, you own your list of subscribers, and it’s up to you to encourage action with engaging content delivered to their inbox. 10. Gated Content Long-form content helps to build your brand’s credibility on particular topics. Think white papers, ebooks, and how-to guides. Consider â€Å"gating† your best content behind a form. This means users have to provide their email address to gain access to the content. It’s a simple way to add perceived value to your owned content and build your email list at the same time. Just remember to add clear calls-to-action to guide prospects in the direction you want them to go. A Healthy Balance Paid, earned, and owned media each have their own advantages. Paid media is more targeted, you’ll see immediate results, and the costs are predictable. Earned media can reach a wider audience and is the most credible. With owned media, you can deliver a more diverse range of content that you have more control over. The right balance depends on your industry, your budget, your goals, and how much time you have. A healthy strategy is to use them in harmony to enhance results. For example, you can share a blog post on social media and also pay to promote it so that it reaches a wider audience. This way, you may earn some extra views, shares, and links. Now you have owned, paid, and earned media working in unison. How can you use paid, earned, and owned media together to enhance your content marketing?

Using a Sample Essay For Essay Exams

Using a Sample Essay For Essay ExamsThere are many benefits of using a sample essay for essay exams. Essay exams tend to be very short and straightforward, this makes them easy to prepare for and gets your mind working hard on the topic. The best way to prepare for this type of exam is to practice using a sample essay for essay exams.Many students write essays on a daily basis and often find it difficult to write a truly original essay that stands out. The key to writing a successful essay is to write something that people don't usually write. The first step to writing a unique essay is to start with a sample essay that has the headings and sub-headings.Having headings and sub-headings is a good idea as it will help you keep everything in one place. You can then organize the paragraphs so that they flow nicely. This will make it much easier to understand the topic of the essay and help you with comprehension.Each paragraph should have a focus of a specific topic. As well as this each paragraph should have a sub-heading. The key to writing a truly unique essay is to stick to the topic in your head and work from there.Headings and sub-headings should also be used to bring the essay into focus. When you take an essay, you will notice that it takes a long time to read and summarise the information within it. Use headings and sub-headings to help you create a frame of reference.Once you know what the different sections of the essay are you can begin to form your ideas. A good essay needs to contain your main points and go into depth on a single topic or sometimes both. This can be very hard if you don't know where to start with your essays and this is where using a sample essay for essay exams can really help.The best part about using a sample essay for essay exams is that you can copy the entire content without worry. You will have the choice of using all or just parts of the essay. If you do need to use a lot of text then you may find that you need to cut and past e several times until you get it perfect.Remember that the only way to really prepare for essay exams is to take as many practice tests as possible. The best way to do this is to use a sample essay for essay exams. You can quickly build up a portfolio of your skills by taking the time to read through a number of samples and then focus on those topics.

Making Effective Oral Presentation Essay Example

Making Effective Oral Presentation Essay Example Making Effective Oral Presentation Essay Making Effective Oral Presentation Essay Making Effective Oral Presentations Northeastern University, College of Business Administration Edward G. Wertheim, Ph. D. Associate Professor Human Resources Management Retrieved March 2, 2009 from http://web. cba. neu. edu/~ewertheim/skills/oral. htm#visual |Outline of this Note | |Introduction | |Podium Panic | |Four Basic Steps | |1. trategy | |2. structure | |3. style | |Are You Distracting the Audience and Drawing Attention away from your Message? |Regional accents or colloquialisms: (or Id rather jump in the Boston Hahbah than give a speech) | |Physical mannerisms | |Voice Tone | |Keeping your Audiences interest | |4. upplement: questions and challenges | |Conclusion: A Checklist for your Presentation | |Appendices | |[pic]An Outline for Your Presentation | |[pic]An evaluation form that will be used for your presentation | |[pic]Using Visual Aids Effectively | | Introduction While hard work and good ideas are essential to success, your ability to express those ideas and get ot hers to join you is just as important. Much of this verbal expression will be one on one or in small groups but periodically (and for some of us often) you will be involved in more formal and public speaking in front of larger numbers. If this thought makes you nervous you are not alone. Many speakers lack the skills and confidence to make effective presentations. We have all been victims of speakers (eg. teachers) who put us to sleep. Despite knowing how ineffective many speakers are, many of us have found that, despite the best intentions, we havent fared much better. We knew the topic and the ideas were written down, but the presentation still didnt go well. Was it the way you delivered the speech? Was it because the audience didnt seem interested? [pic]Podium Panic Everyone experiences stage fright, speech anxiety, or talking terror. Surveys show that fear of speaking in front of groups is one of the greatest fears people have. Some surveys find people actually claiming that the thought of giving a speech is more frightening than falling off a cliff, financial difficulties, snakes, and even death. The following lists some techniques people use for coping with this fright: your audience understands your nervousness; they know what you are feeling and will forgive it; similarly they will forgive honest mistakes nervousness is usually invisible; most will not notice the small changes in your voice or occasional mistakes; most speakers who describe themselves as nervous appear confident and calm to the audience be yourself; let the real you come through; relax, practice some deep breathing techniques; begin in your comfort zone; practice with friends; share your fears with friends check out the room first; check out the space, the equipment, the lights concentrate on the message begin with a slow, well-prepared introduction; have a confident and clear conclusion most important: be prepared and practice The problem of poor communication is complex and cannot be solved by a single book, a course, and certainly not by this short guide. We will point out the critical elements and questions to think about. The approach presented here is predicated on the notion that there is a speechmaking process that involves a few basic steps and within each are particular strategic decisions. [pic] FOUR BASIC STEPS formulate a strategy for the specific audience develop a flexible, flowing structure combined prepared material with an enhancing, not distracting, presentation style; it is important to remember that how you present is as important as what you present. supplement the presentation with confident, informed responses to questions and challenges [pic] 1. STRATEGY understand your purpose and role: It is critical to be clear about your purpose in the communication. This involves knowing your audience, the occasion, and the expectations of your audience. Knowing the audience will be a criti cal determinant in what information is presented and how it is presented. tailor your message to the audience understand their needs, desires, knowledge level, attitude toward your topic be concrete, specific, practical, and relevant clarify your objectives is it to motivate? inform? persuade? teach? each calls for a different approach clarify what role you will be performing coach? advocate? teach? be devils advocate, watch dog, or messenger? develop a logically compelling case for your plan how will it help resolve a pressing problem, advance a salient value, or help reach a common goal research your topic In the classroom situation you may have to make a presentation about a topic about which you are not an expert In the working world, you will likely know a lot about the topic. Nevertheless, you will likely have to research the topic through internal trade documents, trade journals, or special interest publications. You will also likely find computerized data bases useful as sources of information. Subscription data bases such as CompuServe, Dow Jones News/Retrieval, The Source, and BRS/After Dark are some examples. Obviously the World Wide Web is a gr owing source of information. Librarians will assist you in your search. For those services that base charges on time on-line, it is important to be very well prepared for your search. [pic] 2. STRUCTURE Once you know what you want to say, you need to consolidate the materials into a meaningful message. You cant assume that the information will speak for itself. Your audience is capable of hearing your information in very different ways based on your organization and presentation. The audience needs to have these basic questions answered. 1. Why should I pay attention to you when I can think about more interesting things? 2. Now that I am listening, why should I care about this issue? 3. I agree with the significance of the topic, but how are you justifying your ideas? 4. So, now that I am convinced, what do you want from me? The following lists some points to think about when organizing your ideas begin by placing your topic in context; you might want to provide an outline or a road map provide the intended, expected benefits, organization of the presentation, and ground rules organize the body of the presentation logically make it easy to follow go from the simple to the complex when appropriate, plan ways to encourage audience participation maintain credibility: discuss the pros and cons conclude on a high note include an overall summary and proposed actions or options incorporate visual aids effectively (see box below) dont let mechanics of presentation interfere with your message prepare for contingencies practice your presentation and prepare for contingencies rehearse think about what might happen and prepare what if the overhead bulb blows ou t; what if the audience is more prepared than you expected what if there is an unexpected question if a disruption is particularly obtrusive, you might relieve the tension with a joke or humorous comment [pic] 3. STYLE Effective presenters recognize that communication is both intellectual and emotional. Organizing your ideas is part of the task. The other is to gain and maintain attention. The following lists some basic techniques to maintain attention: convey controlled enthusiasm for your subject the audience will forgive a lot if the speaker is enthusiastic -pay attention to posture, tone; dont lean your audience will mirror your attitude radiate confidence without preaching dont confuse enthusiasm with loudness; try to convey a range of emotions from concern, anticipation, excitement, dismay where appropriate, candidly discuss pros and cons; explain advantages first; present risks or challenges; Are You Distracting the Audience and Drawing Attention away from your Message? When we want the audience to focus on what we have to say rather than on us, it is important to think about anything that might detract from our message. This can be a sensitive issue since some of these facto rs are personal or part of who we are. Regional accents or colloquialisms: If we are in an audience of people who share our accent no one will notice. However, if we are in a more general audience, our accent may make the audience focus on this rather than our message. This is not to say that you should abandon your ethnic or regional identity and individuality; however, you need to be aware of the impact of accents on audience. This can be done positively as the Kennedys have done; but more often these mannerisms tend to detract negatively. We dont have to all talk alike but we need to know how we are perceived. physical mannerisms: speakers who pace, pound the podium, jingle change in their pockets, or do other things can focus attention on themselves rather than the subject; sometimes this can be done for affect, but more often it is inadvertent and distracting. voice tone: Professional speakers generally emphasize the lower registers of their voices (both men and women) and avoid dramatic variations in the pitches of their voices. Occasionally this rule can be broken for affect. clothing and jewelry: same as under regional accents Keeping your audiences interest provide variety and relief if possible; novelty and uniqueness will increase the impact alternative moving and standing still, speaking and listening, doing and thinking; use physical space and body movement to enhance your message try to add s tories, anecdotes, testimonials, analogies, demonstrations use humor appropriately make it in good taste presentations are movies not snapshots; prepare the space for movement try to position yourself to enhance rapport with the audience eye contact is your primary tool for establishing audience involvement; look at your audience in random rotating order use gestures naturally; do what is natural to you: some gestures are wrong jingling change in a pocket, toying with notes, shifting from one foot to the other; any repeated gesture Once you obtain attention, you must retain it. Audiences members drift in and out, without giving complete attention all the time. You need to help the audience refocus periodically. The following are some examples: I will give the three basic reasons why change is needed Transitions such as now that we have analyzed the problem, we need to look at the possible solutions. Conclusions: the discussion so far leads to this final thought Straightforward Conclusion: if you enact this program, three basic benefits will result [pic] 4. SUPPLEMENT: QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES USE OF QUESTIONS ask friendly questions dont use questions to embarrass or badger; avoid known sore spots avoid asking risky questions that is, questions that may imply lack of knowledge or intelligence make the interchange a mutually satisfying experience; ive respondents time to think and phrase their answer; help people save face by summarizing what they have said so far and asking if anyone else has something to add dont let respondent wander or attempt to take control of the presentation; a polite thank you, thats what I was looking for can get you back on track if extensive audience d iscussion is desired, avoid isolated one-on-one dialogues with specific individuals when challenged, be candid and firm but avoid over responding maintain control of the session be firm and assertive without being aggressive or defensive dont let interruptions disrupt your composure avoid circumstances that require an apology anticipate questions and prepare responses; rehearse answers to difficult questions if necessary, offer to obtain additional information and follow up use questions to strengthen your main arguments-answer questions candidly but positively link objections to attractive features avoid rhetorical questions ask interesting questions that are thought provoking but not too difficult to answer ask some open ended question with no right or wrong answers encourage sharing experiences, feelings, opinions put you elements into questions make them relevant to the audiences personal experience prepare key questions prior to the presentation; it is difficult to think of good questions on your feet Guideline for Answering Questions | |Anticipate Questions: think of the ten most likely questions and plan out your answer | |Understand the Question: paraphrase it if necessary; repeat it if needed | |Plan the Answer: particularly if you anticipated the question | |Do Not Digress | |Be Honest: if you cant answer the question, say so | |Reinterpret Loaded Questions: if attcked try to show the similarity to other situations | |Control Interchan ges: if a questionner becomes a heckler try to enlist the audience; if a questioner digresses, try to remind | |the audience of the goal of the presentation | |Use the Last Question to Summarize | [pic] Conclusion: A Checklist for your Presentation You owe your audience and yourself a good presentation, but creating an effective presentation takes planning and practice, so some final pointers Start preparing early; dont wait until the last few days to prepare prepare it early, let it rest a little bit and come back to it practice your entire presentation-including your slides if you can practice it before a group of colleagues or friends Think about Your Audience: who are they and why are they here; what are their interests; what do they know; what do they want to know; what is a worthwhile investment in their time Be clear about your purpose: are you informing or persuading; tell them what you are going to do, tell them, tell them what you told them; what do you want the audience to know, feel, or believe afterwards Use an Effective Introduction: orient the audience; explain why it is important; set the tone, establish a relationship between the speaker and the audience; establish credibility; avoid weak introductio ns such as apologies, jokes, rhetorical questions Organize your presentation clearly and simply: Prioritize topics and allocate time accordingly stick to only 3-5 main points; have a well thought pattern (examples are problem/solution, chronological, cause and effect, topical); use transitions to move smoothly from one point to the next Use supporting materials to flesh out main points Use examples, statistics, expert opinions, anecdotes Compose for the Ear, not for the Eye: use simple words, simple sentences, markers, repetition, images, personal language (You and I) Create an Effective Conclusion: summarize, set final image, provide closure; dont trail off, dont use trite phrases dont just present data or summarized results and leave the audience to draw its own conclusions you have had much more time to work with your information than your audience; share your insight and understanding and tell them what youve concluded from your work Sound spontaneous, conversational, enthusiastic- use key phrases in your notes so you dont have to read, use the overhead instead of no tes; vary volume, dont be afraid of silence, dont use fillers like um Practice, Practice, Practice Use Body Language Effectively: relaxed gestures, eye contact; dont play with a pen or pointer, dont block visual aids Use Visual Aids to Enhance the Message: you will probably need to use overhead transparancies in your presentation but to be effective, they must be designed and used properly use visuals to reinforce and clarify, not overwhelm; keep visual aids uncluttered; use titles to guide the audience if you use tapes or disks, make sure the equipment is compatible Analyze the Environment: check out size of room, placement of chairs, time of day, temperature, distractions check out AV equipment ahead of time; have a spare bulb Cope with Stage Fright by Remembering: its normal; it can be helpful, everyone feels it [pic] Engleberg (1994) proposes a 7 P approach to the principles of public speaking. You might find these helpful. Purpose:- Why are you speaking? What do you want audience members to know, think, believe, or do as a result of your presentation People : Who is your audience? How do the characteristics, skills, opinions, and behaviors of your audience affect your purpose Place: Why are you speaking to this group now and in this place? How can you plan and adapt to the logistics of this place. How can you use visual aids to help you achieve your purpose Preparation Where and how can you find good ideas and information for your speech? How much and what kind of supporting materials do you need. Planning: Is there a natural order to the ideas and information you will use? What are the most effective ways to organize your speech in order to adapt it to the purpose, people, place, etc. Personality: How do you become associated with your message in a positive way? What can you do to demonstrate your competence, charisma, and character to the audience? Performance: What form of delivery is best suited to the purpose of your speech. What delivery techniques will make your presentation more effective. How should you practice? Further Reading Antonoff, Michael, Presentations that Persuade, Personal Computing, 27 July 1990, 60-68. Benjamin, James and Raymie E. McKerrow, Business and Professional Communication, Harper Collins, New York, 1994. Engleberg, Isa N. The Principles of Public Presentation, Harper Collins, New York, 1994. Osborn, M. and S. Osborn, Public Speaking, Houghton-Mifflin, Boston, 1988. [pic] Supplemental Information [pic] An Outline for your Presentation INTRODUCTION What? overview of presentation (use visual aids if necessary) Why? purpose of presentation why subject is important How? format you will use; what can the audience expect to see learn Who? if more than one person, provide introductions and indicate roles dont expect audience to memorize these BODY The following list suggests alternative formats for presenting information: multiple formats can be used within a single presentation: rhetorical questions and answers logical progression indicate steps e. g. A then B then C time series order information from beginning to end, earlier to later, and so on compare and contrast use same structure to compare different events, individuals or situations problems and solutions; dont present problems without working toward some recommended action simple to complex use successive building blocks to communicate complex processes or concepts deductive reasoning moving from general principles or values to specific applications or examples inductive reasoning from specific applications/examples to reach general principles or conclusions CONCLUSION review, highlight and emphasize key points, benefits, recommendations draw conclusions where are we? what does all of this mean? whats the next step? [pic] USING VISUAL AIDS EFFECTIVELY. PURPOSE both quality and number of visual aids should enhance, not distract from message display or distribute an outline to help audience follow long or group presentations use variety to increase intere st; remember the value of pictures, graphs, symbols and objects APPEARANCE never use a transparency of a typewritten page use a plain font (e. g. Swiss or Helvetica) of substantial size (18 point or more) if you use color, dont use more than three colors ask yourself Can the audience quickly and easily grasp what they see? Are they spending time reading and not listening? FORMAT-TEXT make one and only one key point per visual unless the audience is very familiar with the subject organize material into natural categories and contrasts? before vs. after, problem and solution, advantages vs. disadvantages, beginning to end; costs vs. benefits include no more than three or four points under one heading dont use whole sentences or paragraphs use bulleted words or short phrases only, except for quotes FORMAT-GRAPHS no more than three curves on a line chart or graph dont use a page full of numbers translate complex numbers into representative pie charts or bar graphs use diagrams or models to present complex concepts; use multiple charts illustrating different stages or parts of the full model; start with simple framework and build components successively into the full model or process [pic]Properly Designed Transparencies use high quality lettering at least 3/16 high; avoid hand-written slides and low resolution dot matrix print limit the number of overheads used; allow at least 1-2 minutes per overhead a well designed diagram or chart can often make your point more quickly and clearly than words avoid visual clutter-dont over use fancy graphics that might distract the audience have a good reason for showing each and every overhead Be Careful: dont block the audiences vision; limit the time your back is to the udience make sure you know how to operate the equipment; prac tice it ahead of time; have backup cords, bulbs, adapters, etc; prepare for the worst make sure you know the lighting requirements for your equipment; know where the switches are and what settings are needed; bring a small penlight in case the room has to be darkened and you need to see notes or equipment [pic] Group Presentation Evaluation Form (ver. 5) Rate the Group Presentation (5= Excellent; 1= Poor NA= not applicable) Comments would be very helpful. Group Number:____ Group Topic:________________________________ ____1. Introduction: Did the introduction capture your interest; was necessary background given; was a clear purpose conveyed ___2. Organization: Was there a clear organization; were transitions between sections clear and effective; did the organization lead to a clear conclusion? ___3. Content: Did the group support their points; was the supporting material relevant, up to date? ___4. Visual Aids: Were visual aids used effectively and appropriately, carefully prepared? ___5. Conclusion: Were key points reinforced; was a sense of closure provided; if appropriate, was a course of action proposed? ___6. Delivery: Were the speakers natural, enthusiastic; did they speak clearly; were appropriate gestures, posture, expreesions used ___7. Discussion: Were questions answered accurately, clearly, effectively? ___8. Overall Rating General Comments (use back): [pic] Presenting Overseas An American woman making a presentation to a group of German male colleagues began in a casual, lighthearted style. Several of the men snorted, stood up and headed for the door, declaring her presentation a waste of time. She spoke loudly and sharply, telling them to sit down and be quiet. They did, and she switched to an assertive, formal tone without qany of her fun techniques. The Germans paid attention. International Hearld Tribune, May 20, 1997 This anecdote illustrates that doing business internally requires concise, to the point yet diplomatic communication due to the lack of time to build relationships and sell ideas. International execuitives have to discipline themselves to listen completely and ask questions; this is particularly important when not everyone in the room has the same native language. A particular problem for many is the niceness problem; these occur when nice people are shocked to see how aggressive top-level communications and team communi ations can be in some places, and when they cant cope with aggressive peers. Another problems is conciseness. Many of us are trained to give an introduction, body, and conclusion and the mroe you say the better. In some places there is no patience for this slow, gradual building. In this case, you need to make the point first, prove it concisely and make recommendations.